/* ==========================================================================
   PIONIERI DELLA TECNOLOGIA - LINEA A SERPENTE 2D CON 5 CARD GIREVOLI
   ========================================================================== */

/* Pulsante per scorrere dalla mappa alla sezione Pionieri */
.scroll-cue {
  position: absolute;
  right: 28px;
  bottom: 24px;
  width: 44px;
  height: 44px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.16);
  backdrop-filter: blur(14px);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(14px);
  color: #bae6fd;
  text-decoration: none;
  z-index: 6;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.45);
  transition: background var(--transition-smooth), border-color var(--transition-smooth), transform var(--transition-smooth), box-shadow var(--transition-smooth);
}

.scroll-cue svg {
  width: 20px;
  height: 20px;
  animation: scrollCueBounce 1.8s ease-in-out infinite;
}

.scroll-cue:hover,
.scroll-cue:focus-visible {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.16);
  border-color: rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.6);
  transform: scale(1.06);
  box-shadow: 0 6px 24px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6), 0 0 20px rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.3);
  outline: none;
}

@keyframes scrollCueBounce {
  0%, 100% { transform: translateY(-2px); }
  50% { transform: translateY(3px); }
}

/* ==========================================================================
   SEZIONE
   ========================================================================== */

.pioneers-section {
  position: relative;
  padding: clamp(64px, 10vh, 120px) clamp(16px, 4vw, 48px) clamp(72px, 12vh, 140px);
  background: radial-gradient(ellipse 80% 60% at 50% 0%, #15161f 0%, #0e0e11 60%, #0a0a0d 100%);
  overflow: hidden;
}

/* Sottile linea luminosa di separazione dalla mappa */
.pioneers-section::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 10%;
  right: 10%;
  height: 1px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.45), rgba(192, 132, 252, 0.45), transparent);
}

.pioneers-header {
  text-align: center;
  max-width: 640px;
  margin: 0 auto clamp(40px, 7vh, 72px);
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateY(20px);
  transition: opacity 0.8s ease, transform 0.8s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
}

.pioneers-section.is-visible .pioneers-header {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: none;
}

.pioneers-eyebrow {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 5px 14px;
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 2.4px;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: #bae6fd;
  background: rgba(14, 15, 23, 0.6);
  border: 1px solid rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.3);
  border-radius: 999px;
}

.pioneers-title {
  margin-top: 16px;
  font-size: clamp(28px, 4.2vw, 46px);
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.1;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, #e0f2fe 0%, #38bdf8 45%, #c084fc 100%);
  -webkit-background-clip: text;
  background-clip: text;
  color: transparent;
}

.pioneers-subtitle {
  margin-top: 12px;
  font-size: 14px;
  color: var(--text-muted);
}

/* ==========================================================================
   LINEA A SERPENTE
   ========================================================================== */

.snake-track {
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 1240px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.snake-svg {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  overflow: visible;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.snake-path,
.snake-path-glow {
  fill: none;
  stroke: url(#snake-gradient);
  stroke-linecap: round;
  stroke-dasharray: var(--snake-len);
  stroke-dashoffset: var(--snake-len);
  transition: stroke-dashoffset 2.4s cubic-bezier(0.65, 0, 0.35, 1);
}

.snake-path {
  stroke-width: 2.2;
}

.snake-path-glow {
  stroke-width: 9;
  opacity: 0.28;
  filter: url(#snake-blur);
}

.pioneers-section.is-visible .snake-path,
.pioneers-section.is-visible .snake-path-glow {
  stroke-dashoffset: 0;
}

.snake-stem {
  stroke: rgba(186, 230, 253, 0.35);
  stroke-width: 1.2;
  stroke-dasharray: 3 3;
}

.snake-pulse {
  fill: #ffffff;
  opacity: 0;
  filter: drop-shadow(0 0 6px #38bdf8) drop-shadow(0 0 12px #818cf8);
  transition: opacity 0.6s ease 2.4s;
}

.pioneers-section.is-visible .snake-pulse {
  opacity: 0.95;
}

.pioneers-section.is-visible .snake-pulse--soft {
  opacity: 0.55;
}

/* Nodi sulla linea */
.snake-nodes,
.snake-cards {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.snake-node {
  position: absolute;
  width: 18px;
  height: 18px;
  margin: -9px 0 0 -9px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: #0e0e11;
  border: 2px solid #38bdf8;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 4px rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.12), 0 0 14px rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.55);
  transform: scale(0);
  transition:
    transform 0.55s cubic-bezier(0.34, 1.56, 0.64, 1) calc(var(--i) * 0.5s + 0.1s),
    background 0.3s ease,
    box-shadow 0.3s ease;
}

.snake-node:nth-child(even) {
  border-color: #c084fc;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 4px rgba(192, 132, 252, 0.12), 0 0 14px rgba(192, 132, 252, 0.55);
}

/* Anello pulsante discreto attorno al nodo */
.snake-node::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  inset: -6px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  border: 1px solid currentColor;
  color: rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.5);
  animation: snakeNodeRing 2.6s ease-out infinite;
  animation-delay: calc(var(--i) * 0.4s);
}

.snake-node:nth-child(even)::after {
  color: rgba(192, 132, 252, 0.5);
}

@keyframes snakeNodeRing {
  0% { transform: scale(0.7); opacity: 0.9; }
  100% { transform: scale(1.9); opacity: 0; }
}

.pioneers-section.is-visible .snake-node {
  transform: scale(1);
}

.snake-node.is-active {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #38bdf8, #c084fc);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 5px rgba(129, 140, 248, 0.2), 0 0 22px rgba(129, 140, 248, 0.8);
}

/* ==========================================================================
   CARD DEI PIONIERI (FLIP 3D & CLICK RITRATTO)
   ========================================================================== */

.pioneer-card {
  position: absolute;
  display: block;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  border: 0;
  background: none;
  font: inherit;
  color: inherit;
  text-align: left;
  pointer-events: auto;
  perspective: 1200px;
  outline: none;
  -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateY(28px);
  transition: opacity 0.7s ease, transform 0.8s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
  transition-delay: calc(var(--i) * 0.5s + 0.35s);
  z-index: 2;
}

.pioneers-section.is-visible .pioneer-card {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: none;
}

.pioneer-card.is-flipped {
  z-index: 25;
}

.pioneer-card-inner {
  position: relative;
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  transform-style: preserve-3d;
  transform-origin: 50% 50% 0;
  transition: transform 0.75s cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.8, 0.2, 1);
}

/* Solo su desktop con mouse abilita micro-sollevamento hover per la card non girata */
@media (hover: hover) and (pointer: fine) {
  .pioneer-card:not(.is-flipped):hover .pioneer-card-inner {
    transform: translateY(-6px);
  }
}

/* Quando la card gira, ruota ESATTAMENTE su se stessa a 180° senza alcuno slittamento verticale */
.pioneer-card.is-flipped .pioneer-card-inner {
  transform: rotateY(180deg) !important;
}

.pioneer-face {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  display: flex;
  border-radius: 20px;
  overflow: hidden;
  backface-visibility: hidden;
  -webkit-backface-visibility: hidden;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.14);
  box-shadow: 0 18px 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6), 0 0 24px rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.08);
  transition: border-color var(--transition-smooth), box-shadow var(--transition-smooth);
}

.pioneer-card:hover .pioneer-face {
  border-color: rgba(186, 230, 253, 0.45);
  box-shadow: 0 24px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7), 0 0 30px rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.22);
}

/* FRONTE: Ritratto del personaggio */
.pioneer-front {
  background: #14151f;
  position: relative;
}

/* Pulsante foto: occupa tutta la card sul fronte e apre l'immagine grande */
.pioneer-photo-btn {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  border: 0;
  background: none;
  display: block;
  position: relative;
  cursor: zoom-in;
  outline: none;
  -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;
}

.pioneer-photo-btn img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: center 20%;
  display: block;
  filter: grayscale(0.12) contrast(1.05);
  transition: transform 0.6s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1), filter 0.6s ease;
}

.pioneer-photo-btn:hover img,
.pioneer-photo-btn:focus-visible img {
  transform: scale(1.06);
  filter: none;
}

.pioneer-photo-btn::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background:
    linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(8, 8, 12, 0) 55%, rgba(8, 8, 12, 0.7) 100%),
    radial-gradient(circle at 30% 15%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.14), transparent 55%);
  pointer-events: none;
}

/* Badge zoom in alto a destra */
.pioneer-zoom-badge {
  position: absolute;
  top: 10px;
  right: 10px;
  width: 28px;
  height: 28px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  color: #bae6fd;
  background: rgba(14, 15, 23, 0.72);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.22);
  backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
  opacity: 0.85;
  transition: opacity var(--transition-smooth), transform var(--transition-smooth), background var(--transition-smooth), border-color var(--transition-smooth);
}

.pioneer-zoom-badge svg {
  width: 14px;
  height: 14px;
}

.pioneer-photo-btn:hover .pioneer-zoom-badge,
.pioneer-photo-btn:focus-visible .pioneer-zoom-badge {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: scale(1.12);
  background: rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.3);
  border-color: rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.6);
  box-shadow: 0 0 12px rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.4);
}

/* Pulsante Spiralo (in basso a destra per girare la card) */
.pioneer-flip-btn {
  position: absolute;
  right: 10px;
  bottom: 10px;
  z-index: 5;
  width: 36px;
  height: 36px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  color: #bae6fd;
  background: rgba(14, 15, 23, 0.82);
  border: 1px solid rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.4);
  backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
  cursor: pointer;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  outline: none;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5), 0 0 10px rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.2);
  transition: transform 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1), background var(--transition-smooth), border-color var(--transition-smooth), box-shadow var(--transition-smooth);
}

.pioneer-flip-btn svg {
  width: 18px;
  height: 18px;
}

.pioneer-flip-btn:hover,
.pioneer-flip-btn:focus-visible {
  transform: rotate(180deg) scale(1.15);
  background: rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.28);
  border-color: rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.8);
  box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7), 0 0 18px rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.45);
}

/* RETRO: Forma rigorosamente omogenea e identica al fronte, contenuto armonizzato */
.pioneer-back {
  transform: rotateY(180deg);
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: space-between;
  padding: 16px 14px;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  font-size: clamp(11.5px, calc(var(--card-w, 220px) * 0.054), 14px);
  background: linear-gradient(160deg, #171926 0%, #0d0e16 100%);
  border-color: rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.35);
  overflow: hidden;
}

.pioneer-back::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: -40%;
  right: -40%;
  width: 90%;
  height: 90%;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: radial-gradient(circle, rgba(129, 140, 248, 0.22), transparent 65%);
  pointer-events: none;
}

.pioneer-index {
  font-size: 0.82em;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 2px;
  color: rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.75);
}

.pioneer-name {
  font-size: 1.25em;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.2;
  color: #ffffff;
}

.pioneer-role {
  font-size: 0.76em;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.8px;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, #38bdf8, #c084fc);
  -webkit-background-clip: text;
  background-clip: text;
  color: transparent;
}

.pioneer-divider {
  display: block;
  width: 36px;
  height: 2px;
  margin: 4px 0;
  border-radius: 2px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, #38bdf8, #c084fc);
}

.pioneer-bio {
  font-size: 0.95em;
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.45;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.78);
  margin: 0;
  flex: 1;
  overflow-y: auto;
  scrollbar-width: none;
  -ms-overflow-style: none;
  padding-right: 2px;
}

.pioneer-bio::-webkit-scrollbar {
  display: none;
}

/* Pulsante rapido dal retro per aprire la foto in grande */
.pioneer-back-zoom-btn {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  margin-top: 8px;
  padding: 5px 12px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
  border: 1px solid rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.32);
  border-radius: 20px;
  font-size: 0.78em;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: #bae6fd;
  cursor: pointer;
  width: fit-content;
  max-width: calc(100% - 46px);
  outline: none;
  transition: background var(--transition-smooth), border-color var(--transition-smooth), transform var(--transition-smooth);
}

.pioneer-back-zoom-btn svg {
  width: 13px;
  height: 13px;
}

.pioneer-back-zoom-btn:hover,
.pioneer-back-zoom-btn:focus-visible {
  background: rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.22);
  border-color: rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.65);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}

/* Spiralo di ritorno sul retro - speculare ed esattamente centrato sul pulsante del fronte */
.pioneer-flip-back-btn {
  position: absolute;
  right: 10px;
  bottom: 10px;
  width: 36px;
  height: 36px;
  z-index: 5;
  background: rgba(20, 21, 32, 0.88);
  border-color: rgba(192, 132, 252, 0.45);
}

.pioneer-flip-back-btn:hover,
.pioneer-flip-back-btn:focus-visible {
  border-color: rgba(192, 132, 252, 0.85);
  box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7), 0 0 18px rgba(192, 132, 252, 0.45);
}

/* ==========================================================================
   SPOTLIGHT HERO MODAL DEI PIONIERI (VISUALIZZAZIONE INGRANDITA)
   ========================================================================== */

.pioneer-modal {
  position: fixed;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: 150;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  opacity: 0;
  visibility: hidden;
  pointer-events: none;
  transition: opacity 320ms cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1), visibility 320ms cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
  padding: 24px;
}

.pioneer-modal.is-open {
  opacity: 1;
  visibility: visible;
  pointer-events: auto;
}

.pioneer-modal-backdrop {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background: rgba(6, 7, 12, 0.88);
  backdrop-filter: blur(20px) saturate(160%);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(20px) saturate(160%);
  cursor: pointer;
}

.pioneer-modal-wrapper {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 860px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
}

.pioneer-modal-card {
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  background: rgba(14, 15, 24, 0.94);
  backdrop-filter: blur(24px) saturate(180%);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(24px) saturate(180%);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.16);
  border-radius: 24px;
  box-shadow: 0 30px 90px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9), 0 0 50px rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.18);
  overflow: hidden;
  transform: scale(0.92) translateY(16px);
  transition: transform 340ms cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
}

.pioneer-modal.is-open .pioneer-modal-card {
  transform: scale(1) translateY(0);
}

/* Pulsante di chiusura */
.pioneer-modal-close {
  position: absolute;
  top: 16px;
  right: 18px;
  width: 40px;
  height: 40px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.18);
  color: #ffffff;
  cursor: pointer;
  z-index: 10;
  outline: none;
  transition: background var(--transition-smooth), transform var(--transition-smooth), border-color var(--transition-smooth);
}

.pioneer-modal-close svg {
  width: 18px;
  height: 18px;
}

.pioneer-modal-close:hover,
.pioneer-modal-close:focus-visible {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.22);
  border-color: rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.6);
  transform: scale(1.08);
}

/* Frecce di navigazione */
.pioneer-modal-nav {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  transform: translateY(-50%);
  width: 44px;
  height: 44px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  background: rgba(14, 15, 23, 0.75);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
  backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
  color: #bae6fd;
  cursor: pointer;
  z-index: 10;
  outline: none;
  transition: background var(--transition-smooth), border-color var(--transition-smooth), transform var(--transition-smooth), box-shadow var(--transition-smooth);
}

.pioneer-modal-prev {
  left: 14px;
}

.pioneer-modal-next {
  right: 14px;
}

.pioneer-modal-nav svg {
  width: 20px;
  height: 20px;
}

.pioneer-modal-nav:hover,
.pioneer-modal-nav:focus-visible {
  background: rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.25);
  border-color: rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.7);
  box-shadow: 0 0 20px rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.4);
}

.pioneer-modal-prev:hover {
  transform: translateY(-50%) translateX(-2px);
}

.pioneer-modal-next:hover {
  transform: translateY(-50%) translateX(2px);
}

/* Corpo del modal: layout a 2 colonne su desktop */
.pioneer-modal-body {
  display: flex;
  padding: 36px 52px;
  gap: 36px;
  align-items: center;
}

/* Colonna sinistra: ritratto in risalto */
.pioneer-modal-media {
  flex: 0 0 320px;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 12px;
}

.pioneer-modal-frame {
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  height: 380px;
  border-radius: 20px;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.18);
  box-shadow: 0 20px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8), 0 0 30px rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.16);
  background: #0e0f18;
}

.pioneer-modal-frame img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: center 20%;
  display: block;
}

.pioneer-modal-badge {
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 2px;
  padding: 4px 14px;
  border-radius: 20px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
  border: 1px solid rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.35);
  color: #bae6fd;
}

/* Colonna destra: info e biografia */
.pioneer-modal-info {
  flex: 1;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 8px;
}

.pioneer-modal-eyebrow {
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 1.2px;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, #38bdf8, #c084fc);
  -webkit-background-clip: text;
  background-clip: text;
  color: transparent;
}

.pioneer-modal-name {
  font-size: clamp(24px, 3.2vw, 34px);
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #ffffff;
  line-height: 1.15;
}

.pioneer-modal-divider {
  width: 48px;
  height: 3px;
  border-radius: 3px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, #38bdf8, #c084fc);
  margin: 6px 0 12px;
}

.pioneer-modal-bio {
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.7;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.85);
  font-weight: 400;
}

@media (max-width: 820px) {
  .pioneer-modal-body {
    flex-direction: column;
    padding: 32px 24px 28px;
    gap: 20px;
    max-height: 82vh;
    overflow-y: auto;
  }

  .pioneer-modal-media {
    flex: none;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 240px;
  }

  .pioneer-modal-frame {
    height: 270px;
  }

  .pioneer-modal-prev {
    left: 8px;
  }

  .pioneer-modal-next {
    right: 8px;
  }
}

/* ==========================================================================
   RESPONSIVE E ACCESSIBILITÀ
   ========================================================================== */

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .scroll-cue {
    right: 16px;
    bottom: 16px;
    width: 38px;
    height: 38px;
  }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .snake-path,
  .snake-path-glow,
  .snake-node,
  .pioneer-card,
  .pioneers-header {
    transition: none;
  }

  .pioneer-card-inner {
    transition-duration: 0.01s;
  }

  .scroll-cue svg,
  .snake-node::after {
    animation: none;
  }
}